Repositories | LoopBack Documentation

Page Contents

A Repository is a type of Service that represents a collection of data within a DataSource.

Example Application

You can look at the account application as an example.

Installation

Legacy juggler support has been enabled in loopback-next and can be imported from the @loopback/repository package. In order to do this, save @loopback/repository as a dependency in your application.

You can then install your favorite connector by saving it as part of your application dependencies.

Repository Mixin

@loopback/repository provides a mixin for your Application that enables convenience methods that automatically bind repository classes for you. Repositories declared by components are also bound automatically.

Repositories are bound to repositories.${ClassName}. See example below for usage.

import {Application} from '@loopback/core';
import {RepositoryMixin} from '@loopback/repository';
import {AccountRepository, CategoryRepository} from './repositories';

// Using the Mixin
class MyApplication extends RepositoryMixin(Application) {}

const app = new MyApplication();
// AccountRepository will be bound to key `repositories.AccountRepository`
app.repository(AccountRepository);
// CategoryRepository will be bound to key `repositories.CategoryRepository`
app.repository(CategoryRepository);

Configure datasources

You can define a DataSource using legacy Juggler in your LoopBack 4 app as follows:

// src/datsources/db.datasource.ts
import {juggler, DataSourceConstructor} from '@loopback/repository';

// this is just an example, 'test' database doesn't actually exist
export const db = new DataSourceConstructor({
  connector: 'mysql',
  host: 'localhost',
  port: 3306,
  database: 'test',
  password: 'pass',
  user: 'root',
});

Define models

Models are defined as regular JavaScript classes. If you want your model to be persisted in a database, your model must have an id property and inherit from Entity base class.

TypeScript version:

import {Entity, model, property} from '@loopback/repository';

@model()
export class Account extends Entity {
  @property({id: true})
  id: number;

  @property({required: true})
  name: string;
}

JavaScript version:

import {Entity, ModelDefinition} from '@loopback/repository';

export class Account extends Entity {}

Account.definition = new ModelDefinition({
  name: 'Account',
  properties: {
    id: {type: 'number', id: true},
    name: {type: 'string', required: true},
  },
});

Define repositories

Use DefaultCrudRepository class to create a repository leveraging the legacy juggler bridge and binding your Entity-based class with a datasource you have configured earlier. It’s recommended that you use Dependency Injection to retrieve your datasource.

TypeScript version:

import {DefaultCrudRepository, DataSourceType} from '@loopback/repository';
import {inject} from '@loopback/context';
import {Account} from '../models';

export class AccountRepository extends DefaultCrudRepository<
  Account,
  typeof Account.prototype.id
> {
  constructor(@inject('datasources.db') protected db: DataSourceType) {
    super(Account, db);
  }
}

JavaScript version:

import {DefaultCrudRepository} from '@loopback/repository';
import {Account} from '../models/account.model';
import {db} from '../datasources/db.datasource';

export class AccountRepository extends DefaultCrudRepository {
  constructor() {
    super(Account, db);
  }
}

Controller Configuration

Once your DataSource is defined for your repository, all the CRUD methods you call in your repository will use the Juggler and your connector’s methods unless you overwrite them. In your controller, you will need to define a repository property and create a new instance of the repository you configured your DataSource for in the constructor of your controller class as follows:

export class AccountController {
  constructor(
    @repository(AccountRepository) public repository: AccountRepository,
  ) {}

Defining CRUD methods for your application

When you want to define new CRUD methods for your application, you will need to modify the API Definitions and their corresponding methods in your controller. Here are examples of some basic CRUD methods:

Create API Definition:

{
  "/accounts/create": {
    "post": {
      "x-operation-name": "createAccount",
      "requestBody": {
        "description": "The account instance to create.",
        "required": true,
        "content": {
          "application/json": {
            "schema": {
              "type": "object"
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "responses": {
        "200": {
          "description": "Account instance created",
          "content": {
            "application/json": {
              "schema": {
                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Account"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Create Controller method:

async createAccount(accountInstance: Account) {
  return await this.repository.create(accountInstance);
}

Find API Definition:

{
  "/accounts": {
    "get": {
      "x-operation-name": "getAccount",
      "responses": {
        "200": {
          "description": "List of accounts",
          "content": {
            "application/json": {
              "schema": {
                "type": "array",
                "items": {
                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Account"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Find Controller method:

async getAccount() {
  return await this.repository.find();
}

Don’t forget to register the complete version of your OpenAPI spec through app.api().

Please See Testing Your Application section in order to set up and write unit, acceptance, and integration tests for your application.

Persisting Data without Juggler [Using MySQL database]

Important: This section has not been updated and code examples may not work out of the box.

LoopBack 4 gives you the flexibility to create your own custom Datasources which utilize your own custom connector for your favorite back end database. You can then fine tune your CRUD methods to your liking.

Example Application

You can look at the account-without-juggler application as an example.

Implement the CrudConnector interface from @loopback/repository package. Here is one way to do it

Implement the DataSource interface from @loopback/repository. To implement the DataSource interface, you must give it a name, supply your custom connector class created in the previous step, and instantiate it:

export class MySQLDs implements DataSource {
  name: 'mysqlDs';
  connector: MySqlConn;
  settings: Object;

  constructor() {
    this.settings = require('./mysql.json'); // connection configuration
    this.connector = new MySqlConn(this.settings);
  }
}

Extend CrudRepositoryImpl class from @loopback/repository and supply your custom DataSource and model to it:

import {CrudRepositoryImpl} from '@loopback/repository';
import {MySQLDs} from './datasources/mysqlds.datasource';
import {Account} from './models/account.model';

export class NewRepository extends CrudRepositoryImpl<Account, string> {
  constructor() {
    const ds = new MySQLDs();
    super(ds, Account);
  }
}

You can override the functions it provides, which ultimately call on your connector’s implementation of them, or write new ones.

Configure Controller

The next step is to wire your new DataSource to your controller. This step is essentially the same as above, but can also be done as follows using Dependency Injection:

Bind instance of your repository to a certain key in your application class

class AccountMicroservice extends Application {
  private _startTime: Date;

  constructor() {
    super();
    const app = this;
    app.controller(AccountController);
    app.bind('repositories.NewRepository').toClass(NewRepository);
  }

Inject the bound instance into the repository property of your controller. inject can be imported from @loopback/context.
```
export class AccountController {
  @repository(NewRepository) private repository: NewRepository;
}
```

Example custom connector CRUD methods

Here is an example of a find function which uses the node-js mysql driver to retrieve all the rows that match a particular filter for a model instance.

public find(
  modelClass: Class<Entity>,
  filter: Filter,
  options: Options
): Promise<EntityData[]> {
  let self = this;
  let sqlStmt = "SELECT * FROM " + modelClass.name;
  if (filter.where) {
    let sql = "?? = ?";
    let formattedSql = "";
    for (var key in filter.where) {
      formattedSql = mysql.format(sql, [key, filter.where[key]]);
    }
    sqlStmt += " WHERE " + formattedSql;
  }
  debug("Find ", sqlStmt);
  return new Promise<Account[]>(function(resolve, reject) {
    self.connection.query(sqlStmt, function(err: any, results: Account[]) {
      if (err !== null) return reject(err);
      resolve(results);
    });
  });
}